What is House Wiring?

                                

Type of wiring system:-

1. Tree system

2. looping system

3. connector system

4. distribution system

What is tree system wiring?

This is a one kind of process of the technique when we take a load from branch circuit are tapped from main line this technique is known as tree system wiring.

 

Advantage:-

1. The length of the wire required is less.
2. It can be installed easily.
3. It is suitable for high rise buildings.

Disadvantage:-

1. Fault location is difficult.
2. This system has a high voltage drop.
3. The whole line has to be switch off for finding the fault.
4. Looking of the system is very poor

Use :-Tree system wiring are used for temporary process.

it is also used in workshops for giving the supply through bus bar.

 

 Distribution System wiring:-

In this system the main supply is brought to first main switches from where it is distributed to different distribution boxes from where it is further distributed to different branch circuits .This system requires no joints, each circuit can be readily disconnected from the main without interfering with the other circuit. Nowadays this system is widely used.

Advantages:-

1. Appearance is good
2. Fault location is very easy.
3. The voltage available at the different load points will be the same.
4. Renewal or extension of the circuit is easy
5. As the need arises the defective circuit can be switched off.
6. Replacement of fuse is easy.

Disadvantage:-

In this system the length of the wire required for the wiring is more, so its initial cost is also more.

 

 Looping Method System wiring:-

This method of wiring is jointless. Separate phase wires are taken for each circuit from the distribution box directly.

The neutral line remains common for all the circuits . If an extension is required, then it would be taken from the distribution box or from a ceiling rose, socket, switch etc., but it would not be taken by making a joint in the line.

Advantages:

1. It looks beautiful
2.  It is joint less.
3.  It has a high insulation resistance.

Disadvantages:

1.  It requires more wire.
2.  It is expensive.
3.  It requires more space.

 

 Connector Method System wiring:-

In this method connectors are used midway between the wiring. Connector serves as distribution junction for the phases well as for the neutral line. A connector is fitted over each joint.

Advantages:

1.  It requires less wire.
2.  It is inexpensive.
3.  It has a low voltage drop in the conducting wire.
4.  It can be installed promptly.

Disadvantages:

1. The joints may remain loose.
2. It does not look beautiful.

 

Electrical appliances connection systems:-

The electrical appliances can be connected with supply by the following two methods

1. T-Connection
2. Lopping connection

 

 T-Connection:-

In this system of connections all the joints are connected through cut-out three plate ceiling rose, connector etc.

Advantages:-

1. Less wire is required.
2. Less voltage drop
3. Low power consumption
4. Less cost

 

Looping Connection:-

In this system of connection are taken from ceiling rose etc. the distribution box is used to get looping for connection of supply .

Advantages:

1. Good looking
2. All the joints are inside the box.
3. Less maintenance.

Disadvantages

1. More wire is used.
2. Costly.
3. It is difficult to locate fault except in Batten wiring.

 

   B.I.S. Rules for wiring:

The following are the general rules which should be kept in mind before un installation of wiring.

1. According to B.I.S. rule, the total lighting load in a sub-circuit should not exceed 1 Kilo watt (1000 w) or number of points between 8 to 10 points whichever is less. For estimating the lighting load, the values should be considered 60 w each for ceiling fan and socket 80 w each.

2. The cable used in the wiring should be kept free from moisture, chemicals fumes and fire.
3. All the metal covering should be earthed such as the cover of the main switches, earth point of the wall socket etc.
4. Phase wire should be protected by a fuse.
5. No fuse or switch is used in earth wire.
6. The height of the board in an installation should be 5 feet from the ground level and should be fixed on ieft hand side of the entrance.
7. The height of the fan and light points should be 9 feet and 8 feet respectively from the ground.

8. Every sub-circuit must have a separate distribution board.
9. Three phase supply should be indicated with Red, Yellow and Blue. And the neutral should be indicated with Black.

10. The light and power circuits should be kept separately.
11. The current rating of the main switch and distribution board should be calculated according to the load on the circuit.

12. All 440 volts machines should be double earthed.
13. Round blocks should be fixed with two screws.
14. When the wiring has been completed, it should be tested with the megger before giving the supply.

15. All the motors, switches and starters should be easily accessible to the operator.